Iran's criminal laws have established special provisions on limits and punishments to combat various forms of sexual crimes, but have not assigned a special provision to prostitution. In the past, Western legal systems have taken steps to protect women's rights and equal rights between men and women, the result of which can be seen in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Prohibition of Prostitution.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the comparative approach of Iran's criminal laws and the convention towards prostitution and why Iran is not a member of this convention. The current research with a descriptive-analytical method with a library method seeks to provide an answer to this issue, what is the approach of this convention to prostitution and what is the criminal policy adopted in the domestic criminal laws? Also, what is the challenge and obstacle to Iran's membership? Based on the results of the article, Iran's criminal regulations, along with the convention, have negated the phenomenon of prostitution in the form of sexual crimes. However, the government has not become a member due to religious obstacles and the necessity of canceling the criminal provisions that are contrary to the convention.Iran's criminal laws have established special provisions on limits and punishments to combat various forms of sexual crimes, but have not assigned a special provision to prostitution. In the past, Western legal systems have taken steps to protect women's rights and equal rights between men and women, the result of which can be seen in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Prohibition of Prostitution.The purpose of the research is to evaluate the comparative approach of Iran's criminal laws and the convention towards prostitution and why Iran is not a member of this convention. The current research with a descriptive-analytical method with a library method seeks to provide an answer to this issue, what is the approach of this convention to prostitution and what is the criminal policy adopted in the domestic criminal laws? Also, what is the challenge and obstacle to Iran's membership? Based on the results of the article, Iran's criminal regulations, along with the convention, have negated the phenomenon of prostitution in the form of sexual crimes. However, the government has not become a member due to religious obstacles and the necessity of canceling the criminal provisions that are contrary to the convention.